List of Baja California Peninsula hurricanes
The list of Baja California hurricanes includes all of the tropical cyclones that impacted the Baja California Peninsula, which includes the Mexican states of Baja California and Baja California Sur. In the period 1951 to 2000, Baja California had one hurricane and three tropical storms make landfall. During the same period, Baja California Sur witnessed nineteen hurricanes and thirty tropical storms. During the same time period, the region got hit by two major hurricanes (Hurricane Oliva in 1967 and Hurricane Kiko in 1989).[1] The most expensive storm in the area is Hurricane Norbert in 2008 and the deadliest is Hurricane Liza in 1976.
Contents |
List of tropical cyclones
Pre-1949
- Sometime in between June and October 1884: a tropical cyclone of unknown intensity made landfall in the peninsula.[2]
- July 1902: A tropical cyclone made landfall in Baja California.[3]
- August 1915: A tropical cyclone impacted the northern part of Baja California.[3]
- September 13, 1918: Twenty five deaths and heavy damage in La Paz and elsewhere were a result of a tropical cyclone of unknown intensity making landfall on this date.[4][5]
- August 1921: A tropical cyclone impacted the central part of the Baja California peninsula.[3]
- September 1921: A tropical cyclone's remnants tracked across the Baja California Peninsula.[3]
- September 1921: The remnants of a tropical cyclone dissipated moved inland after dissipating on this date.[3]
- August 1935: A tropical cyclone made landfall in southern Baja California and tracked northwards.[3]
- September 1939: In the early part of this month, the first of three tropical cyclones to impact the peninsula this year hit the northern part of the area.[3]
- September 1939: In the middle of the month a tropical cyclone made landfall and promptly dissipated.[3]
- September 1939: The third tropical cyclone to impact the peninsula this month hit part of Baja California Sur and dissipated onshore. It remnants moved north.[3]
- September 1941: A hurricane made landfall on the peninsula.[3]
- September 1945: A tropical cyclone paralleled the Pacific coast of the peninsula just offshore before dissipating.[3]
- September 1946: A tropical storm made landfall in the northern part of the Baja California Peninsula on an unknown date in this month.[3]
- September 11, 1949: A hurricane made landfall on the peninsula.[6]
1950s
- August 29, 1951: A tropical storm made landfall in the northern part of the peninsula.[7]
- July 17, 1954: A hurricane made landfall on the peninsula.[8]
- October 5, 1957: A hurricane made landfall on the peninsula.[9]
- September 11, 1958: A tropical storm made landfall and passed north-northwest over the peninsula.[10]
- October 4, 1958: A hurricane made landfall at the southern tip of the peninsula.[11]
- September 9, 1959: A hurricane made landfall and travels up the peninsula.[12]
1960s
- September 6, 1962: Tropical Storm Bernice made landfall on the peninsula.[13]
- September 23–24, 1962: Tropical Storm Claudia skirted the Pacific coast of the northern part of the peninsula before making landfall.[14]
- October 4, 1962: Hurricane Doreen passed close to the southern tip of the peninsula before crossing the Gulf of California and making landfall.[15]
- September 18, 1963: Tropical Depression Jen-Kath made landfall in northern Baja California, just south of the U.S.-Mexico border after weakening from a tropical storm.[16]
- September 6, 1965:Tropical Depression Emily made landfall in the northern part of the peninsula days after passing close by as a hurricane.[17]
- September 15, 1966: Tropical Storm Helga made landfall on the peninsula well after weakening from a hurricane.[18]
- September 28, 1966: Tropical Storm Kirsten made landfall on the peninsula.[19]
- August 31, 1967: Hurricane Katrina made landfall on the southern tip of the peninsula and traveled up it.[20] Katrina did heavy damage, sinking 60 ships and leaving 2500 homeless after it partially destroyed the city of San Felipe.[21]
- October 14, 1967:Hurricane Olivia becomes the fist of only one of two major hurricanes to make landfall on Baja California No damage figures exist from Olivia, due to the scarce population of the area it struck. However, a total of 61 lives were lost.[22]
- October 2, 1968: Hurricane Pauline made landfall on the peninsula and crossed it. Four or five people died when a sailboat is sunk in Magdalena Bay.[23]
1970s
- September 5, 1970: Tropical Depression Norma dissipated just offshore, with its moisture being drawn into an extratropical system further to the north.[24]
- September 30, 1971: Tropical Depression Olivia made landfall on the peninsula.[25]
- October 6, 1972: Tropical Storm Joanne made landfall in the northern part of the peninsula, causing localized flooding.[26]
- September 25, 1973: Hurricane Irah made landfall on the peninsula. Damage was limited to power lines and flooding.[27]
- September 10, 1976: Tropical Storm Kathleen came close to the Point Eugenia peninsula before making landfall just south of Ensenada that same day as it accelerated northwards. No damage was reported.[28]
- October 1, 1976: Hurricane Liza passed close to the southern tip of the Baja California Peninsula. Liza's heavy rains caused a flash flood that burst a dyke near La Paz. The resulting torrent of water did heavy damage and killed at least 435,[28] and probably more than 630 people.[21]
- August 15, 1977: Hurricane Doreen briefly made landfall as it skirted the Pacific coast of the peninsula.[29]
1980s
- August 30, 1981: Tropical Depression Irwin made landfall on the peninsula.[30]
- September 29, 1982: Hurricane Paul briefly passed over the extreme southern tip of the peninsula. No damage or casualties were reported.[31]
- September 26, 1984: Tropical Storm Norbert made landfall on the peninsula and rapidly weakens. No damage or casualties were reported.[32]
- September 22, 1986: Hurricane Newton made landfall in Cabo San Lucas. No deaths are reported.[33]
- October 1, 1986: Hurricane Paine brushes Cabo San Lucas. Heavy precipitation fell in the southern portion of the Baja California Peninsula, upwards of 7 inches (18 cm) fell across its path.[34] strong winds knocked down trees and caused disruptions to city services.[35]
- Early October 1986: Hurricane Roslyn drops light rainfall in extreme southern Baja California Sur despite remaining far offshore.[36]
- August 27, 1989: Hurricane Kiko made landfall on the Gulf of California side of the peninsula.[37] It caused heavy damage but no deaths.[37][38] However, high winds, gusting over 109 mph (175 km/h), brought down numerous trees and power lines.[39]
- October 5, 1989: Tropical Storm Raymond made landfall on the peninsula.[40] Since Raymond was moving rapidly, only minor impacts were recorded in Mexico.[41]
1990s
- October 2, 1990: Tropical Storm Rachel made landfall on southern tip of the Baja California Peninsula. No reports of either deaths or damage were received.[42]
- August 23, 1992: Hurricane Lester made landfall near Punta Abrejeos as it rapidly crossed the peninsula. There were no reported deaths, but some damage was reported.[43]
- July 8, 1993: Tropical Depression Calvin made landfall on the peninsula east-southeast of La Paz. No damage or deaths were reported on the peninsula.[44]
- August 25–26, 1993: Tropical Storm Hilary made two landfalls on the peninsula. No deaths or damage were reported.[45]
- August 11, 1995: Around this date, Hurricane Flossie passed close to the peninsula. Two people drowned in Cabo San Lucas.[46]
- September 4, 1995: Strong winds, rains, and storm surge from Hurricane Henriette left 800 homeless and caused heavy road damage to the southern part of Baja California Sur. No deaths are reported.[47]
- September 14–15, 1995: Hurricane Ismael passed up the Gulf of California. A total of 57 fishers were killed, some of whom may have been from or near the peninsula.[48]
- September 13, 1996: Hurricane Fausto made landfall near Todos Santos on the peninsula. The only death was of a vacationer from San Diego who was electrocuted by a downed power line in Cabo San Lucas.[49] Damage elsewhere was appreciable, with downed power lines, smashed windows and significant disruption throughout the peninsula.[49]
- Early August 1997: Hurricane Guillermo produce high waves, up to 12 feet (3.7 m) high. These rough ocean conditions which flooded homes situated along the coast. Two people were killed from after being swept out to sea.[50]
- September 25, 1997: Hurricane Nora made landfall near Punta Eugenia. Nora killed two people when one person was electrocuted in Mexicali and a diver was drowned near San Quintín.[51]
- September 2, 1998: Tropical Storm Isis made landfall near San José del Cabo. Throughout the Gulf of California region, 18 people were killed and 769 houses were destroyed.[52]
- October 20, 1998: Hurricane Madeline dissipates about 120 mi (190 km) to the southeast of La Paz, however no deaths or damages were reported.[52]
- September 7, 1999: Tropical Storm Greg made landfall near Cabo San Lucas. No damage or casualties were reported.[53]
2000s
- August 14–15, 2000: Tropical Storm Ileana briefly threatened the southern areas of the peninsula before suddenly turning out to sea. Large waves caused by the storm likely impacted the coast of that area. No damage or deaths were reported.[54]
- September 30, 2001: Tropical Storm Juliette made landfall near San Carlos. It caused damage and heavy rainfall throughout the peninsula; Cabo San Lucas was "clobbered", with it being cut off from the rest of Mexico for several days. Juliette caused two deaths in or near the peninsula.[55] A maximum of 39.8 in (1,010 mm) fell in Caudaño,[56] the highest known total ever recorded from a tropical cyclone in the sate.[57]
- September 19, 2002: Tropical Storm Iselle briefly threatened Baja California on September 19, before dissipating about 55 mi (90 km) offshore the next day.[58]
- August 25, 2003: Hurricane Ignacio made landfall on the peninsula. Heavy rains caused a flood that swept two rescue workers to their deaths.[59]
- September 22, 2003: Hurricane Marty made landfall near San Jose del Cabo. A total of 4000 houses were destroyed with disruption to boats in the area.[60] The hurricane was responsible for significant flooding and storm surges,[61] Five deaths were reported and[60] 6,000 people were affected. Total damage from the storm was $100 million.[62]
- Early September 2004: Outer rainbands from Hurricane Howard produces heavy rainfall.[63][64]
- September 19, 2004: Tropical Depression Javier made landfall on the peninsula.[65] Flooding rains damaged portions of a highway.[66][67]
- September 30-October 3, 2005: Hurricane Otis approached close to the peninsula. Flooding was the only impact.[68]
- July 27–28, 2006: Tropical Storm Emilia passed close to the peninsula, causing isolated reports of gale-force winds and minor flooding and damage.[69]
- September 2, 2006: Hurricane John made landfall on the peninsula. Winds and rain caused heavy damage throughout the peninsula. John killed five people.[70] Damage in Mexico amounted to $663 million (2006 MXN, $60.8 million 2006 USD).[71]
- October 23–25, 2006: Tropical Storm Paul passed close to the peninsula. High surf caused two deaths.[72]
- September, 2007: Hurricane Henriette caused a person to drown in surf south of the peninsula.[73]
- September 2007: The remnants of Hurricane Ivo produces rain without any major impact.[63][64]
- August 25, 2008: Tropical Storm Julio makes landfall on the peninsula, causing flooding that kills one person.[74]
- September 11, 2008: Tropical Depression Lowell made landfall on the peninsula.[75] No damage is reported.
- October 11, 2008: Hurricane Norbert became the strongest hurricane to hit the western side of the Peninsula. Two towns were nearly completely damaged, with heavy flooding and storm surge reported.[76] Officials estimated that damages from the hurricane was MXN 8.8 billion ($650 million).[77] The worst damage occurred in the municipality of Comondú where 16,000 residents reported damage to their homes.[78]
- September 2, 2009: Hurricane Jimena ties Norbert's short–lived record as is one of the most intense hurricanes to make landfall on the Pacific side of the peninsula.[79] Prior to the arrival of Jimena, civil defense authorities in Los Cabos announced that they would have to evacuate 20,000 families from their homes.[80] The storm later causes widespread flooding and damage, and kills one person.[79] Damage from the storm amounted to MXN$800 million (US$59.8 million).[81] A total of 35,000 were reported to have been left homeless.[82]
- Early October 2009: The remnants of Tropical Storm Olaf cause rain on the peninsula.[83]
- October 14, 2009: Tropical Storm Patricia threatens the southern tip of the peninsula, without causing any appreciable impact.[84]
- October 18 and 19, 2009: Waves from Hurricane Rick kill two people on the peninsula.[85]
2010s
- September 20, 2010: Tropical Storm Georgette makes landfall near San Jose del Cabo [86]
Listed by month
Most tropical cyclone impacts occurred in the month of September. This coincides with the statistical peak in the eastern north Pacific hurricane season, which occurs in early September or late August.[87] Although hurricane season in the eastern north Pacific officially runs from May 15 to November 30,[88] no known tropical cyclones have impacted the peninsula in May, June, November, or outside the season.
|
|
Deadly systems
As many tropical cyclones impact the peninsula, sometimes when rather intense, deaths frequently occur.
| Name | Year | Number of deaths |
|---|---|---|
| Liza | 1976 | 435-600+ |
| Unnamed | 1918 | 25 |
| Marty | 2003 | 5 |
| John | 2006 | 5 |
| Pauline | 1968 | 4-5 |
| Flossie | 1995 | 2 |
| Nora | 1997 | 2 |
| Juliette | 2001 | 2 |
| Ignacio | 2003 | 2 |
| Paul | 2006 | 2 |
| Rick | 2009 | 2 |
| Fausto | 1996 | 1 |
| Henriette | 2007 | 1 |
| Julio | 2008 | 1 |
| Jimena | 2009 | 1 |
| Ismael | 1995 | 0-57 |
| Isis | 1998 | 0-18 |
Tropical cyclone warnings and watches
If a tropical cyclone threatens to bring tropical storm or hurricane conditions to areas in the Baja California Peninsula, the government issues tropical cyclone warnings and watches for the threatened areas. The watches and warnings will be issued in coastal area between internationally recognized points known as breakpoints. The Baja California peninsula has twenty-two breakpoints, running from the United States-Mexico border, south along the Pacific coast to Cabo San Lucas, and north along the Gulf of California coast to Calamajue.[89] However, tropical cyclones can still bring dangerous conditions such as flooding to areas not covered by warnings and watches.
See also
References
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- ^ http://community.livejournal.com/w_coast_weather/701707.html
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- ^ David M. Roth (2007). "Hurricane Paine — September 26-October 4, 1986". Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/paine1986.html. Retrieved 2010-02-07.
- ^ Staff Writer (1986-10-03). "Hurricane Paine Sweeps Into Mexico". Akron Beach Journal. http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=AK&s_site=ohio&p_multi=AK&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB62730F3A7E36A&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM. Retrieved 2010-10-14.
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- ^ Hal Gerrish; Ed Rappaport (1993-11-06). "Preliminary Report Hurricane Lester" (GIF). National Hurricane Center. http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/epacific/ep1992-prelim/lester/. Retrieved 2006-12-03.
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